Number 10 branded the motion a "stunt" by the Labour leader after he tried to force a no-confidence vote in Theresa May.
Mr Corbyn tabled a motion of no-confidence in Mrs May on Monday over her failure to allow MPs to have a vote "straight away" on her Brexit deal.
He acted after the prime minister earlier told MPs the "meaningful vote" on her agreement with Brussels will be held in the week beginning 14 January.
Mrs May previously delayed a parliamentary showdown on her Brexit deal this month after admitting she was heading for defeat.
Announcing his no-confidence motion to the House of Commons, Mr Corbyn said it was "unacceptable" that MPs will still have to wait "almost a month" to have their say on the UK's withdrawal agreement.
